Showing posts with label api. Show all posts
Showing posts with label api. Show all posts

Thursday, June 8, 2017

Pull Stock Quotes Into AdWords Scripts Using Yahoo! Finance API

I was recently asked on Twitter if I had ever seen a script that used stock market performance to adjust bids. Honestly I never have, but I have been asked about this ability multiple times. So I thought I'd build something to do just that.

Finding a reliable and free API for stock data is a little difficult, but everyone seems to point to a somewhat hidden Yahoo! Finance API. Despite the fact that there are multiple libraries built around it, I couldn't find much in the way of documentation other than a StackOverflow post that talks about it. So long story short, this API could stop working at anytime, so use at your own risk.

Here is some sample code to get you started using this. The code below simply looks up a few quotes (one from Bitcoin) and loads them into a Google Spreadsheet of your choosing. Pretty straightforward. The one confusing thing is the "f=" parameter that you need to pass to the API. It is documented a little bit in this blog post but is still pretty confusing. It is a string of one or two character codes that is used to define the columns you want to return. For most people, the symbol, name, and current price should be enough. Feel free to customize it as needed.

Thanks,
Russ
/******************************************
* Yahoo Finance API Class Example
* Version 1.0 
* Created By: Russ Savage
* FreeAdWordsScripts.com
******************************************/
function main() {
  var sheetUrl = 'ENTER A GOOGLE SHEET URL HERE';
  
  var yfa = new YahooFinanceAPI({
    symbols: ['^GSPC','VTI','^IXIC','BTCUSD=X'],
    f: 'snl1' // or something longer like this 'sl1abb2b3d1t1c1ohgv'
  });
  for(var key in yfa.results) {
    Logger.log(Utilities.formatString('Name: "%s", Symbol: "%s", Last Trade Price: $%s', 
                                      yfa.results[key].name,
                                      key,
                                      yfa.results[key].last_trade_price_only));
  }
  
  var includeColumnHeaders = true;
  var sheetData = yfa.toGoogleSheet(includeColumnHeaders);
  var ss = SpreadsheetApp.openByUrl(sheetUrl).getActiveSheet();
  for(var i in sheetData) {
    ss.appendRow(sheetData[i]);
  }
}

Just copy the follow code into the bottom of your AdWords script and you should be good to go.
/******************************************
* Yahoo Finance API Class
* Use this to pull stock market quotes from Yahoo Finance
* Version 1.0 
* Created By: Russ Savage
* FreeAdWordsScripts.com
******************************************/
function YahooFinanceAPI(configVars) {
  var QUERY_URL_BASE = 'https://query.yahooapis.com/v1/public/yql';
  var FINANCE_URL_BASE = 'http://download.finance.yahoo.com/d/quotes.csv';
  this.configVars = configVars;
  
  /*************
   * The results are stored here in a 
   * map where the key is the ticker symbol
   * { 'AAPL' : { ... }, 'GOOG' : { ... }
   *************/
  this.results = {};
  
  /************
   * Function used to refresh the results
   * from Yahoo! Finance API. Called automatically
   * during object reaction.
   ************/
  this.refresh = function() {
    var queryUrl = getQueryUrl(this.configVars);
    var resp = UrlFetchApp.fetch(queryUrl,{muteHttpExceptions:true});
    if(resp.getResponseCode() == 200) {
      var jsonResp = JSON.parse(resp.getContentText());
      if(jsonResp.query.count == 1) {
        var row = jsonResp.query.results.row;
        this.results[row.symbol] = row;
      } else if(jsonResp.query.count > 1) {
        for(var i in jsonResp.query.results.row) {
          var row = jsonResp.query.results.row[i];
          this.results[row.symbol] = row;
        }
      }
    } else {
      throw resp.getContentText();
    }
  }
  
  /************
   * Translates the results into a 2d array
   * to make it easier to add into a Google Sheet.
   * includeColumnHeaders - true or false if you want
   *   headers returned in the results.
   ************/
  this.toGoogleSheet = function(includeColumnHeaders) {
    if(!this.results) { return [[]]; }
    var retVal = [];
    var headers = null;
    for(var key in this.results) {
      if(!headers) {
        headers = Object.keys(this.results[key]).sort();
      }
      var row = [];
      for(var i in headers) {
        row.push(this.results[key][headers[i]]);
      }
      retVal.push(row);
    }
    if(includeColumnHeaders) {
      return [headers].concat(retVal);
    } else {
      return retVal;
    }
  }
  
  // Perform a refresh on object creation.
  this.refresh();
  
  // Private functions
  
  /************
   * Builds Yahoo Finance Url
   ************/
  function getFinanceUrl(configVars) {
    var financeUrlParams = {
      s : configVars.symbols.join(','),
      f : configVars.f,
      e : '.json'
    }
    return FINANCE_URL_BASE + serialize(financeUrlParams);
  }
  
  /************
   * Builds Yahoo Query Url
   ************/
  function getQueryUrl(configVars) {
    var financeUrl = getFinanceUrl(configVars);
    var cols = fToCols(configVars.f);
    var queryTemplate = "select * from csv where url='%s' and columns='%s'";
    var query = Utilities.formatString(queryTemplate, financeUrl,cols.join(','));
    var params = {
      q : query,
      format : 'json'
    }
    var finalRestUrl = QUERY_URL_BASE + serialize(params);
    return finalRestUrl;
  }

  /************
   * This function translates the f parameter
   * into actual field names to use for columns
   ************/
  function fToCols(f) {
    var cols = [];
    var chunk = '';
    var fBits = f.split('').reverse();
    for(var i in fBits) {
      chunk = (fBits[i] + chunk);
      if(fLookup(chunk)) {
        cols.push(fLookup(chunk));
        chunk = '';
      }
    }
    return cols.reverse();
  }
  
  /************
   * Copied from: http://stackoverflow.com/a/18116302
   * This function converts a hash into 
   * a url encoded query string.
   ************/
  function serialize( obj ) {
    return '?'+
      Object.keys(obj).reduce(
        function(a,k) { 
          a.push(k+'='+encodeURIComponent(obj[k]));
          return a
        },
        []).join('&');
  }
  
  /************
   * Adapted from http://www.jarloo.com/yahoo_finance/
   * This function maps f codes into 
   * friendly column names.
   ************/
  function fLookup(f){
    return{
      a:'ask',b:'bid',b2:'ask realtime',b3:'bid realtime',p:'previous close',o:'open',
      y:'dividend yield',d:'dividend per share',r1:'dividend pay date',
      q:'ex-dividend date',c1:'change',c:'change & percent change',c6:'change realtime',
      k2:'change percent realtime',p2:'change in percent',d1:'last trade date',
      d2:'trade date',t1:'last trade time',c8:'after hours change realtime',
      c3:'commission',g:'days low',h:'days high',k1:'last trade realtime with time',
      l:'last trade with time',l1:'last trade price only',t8:'1 yr target price',
      m5:'change from 200 day moving average',m6:'percent change from 200 day moving average',
      m7:'change from 50 day moving average',m8:'percent change from 50 day moving average',
      m3:'50 day moving average',m4:'200 day moving average',w1:'days value change',
      w4:'days value change realtime',p1:'price paid',m:'days range',m2:'days range realtime',
      g1:'holdings gain percent',g3:'annualized gain',g4:'holdings gain',
      g5:'holdings gain percent realtime',g6:'holdings gain realtime',t7:'ticker trend',
      t6:'trade links',i5:'order book realtime',l2:'high limit',l3:'low limit',
      v1:'holdings value',v7:'holdings value realtime',s6: 'revenue',k:'52 week high',
      j:'52 week low',j5:'change from 52 week low',k4:'change from 52 week high',
      j6:'percent change from 52 week low',k5:'percent change from 52 week high',
      w:'52 week range',v:'more info',j1:'market capitalization',j3:'market cap realtime',
      f6:'float shares',n:'name',n4:'notes',s:'symbol',s1:'shares owned',x:'stock exchange',
      j2:'shares outstanding',v:'volume',a5:'ask size',b6:'bid size',k3:'last trade size',
      a2:'average daily volume',e:'earnings per share',e7:'eps estimate current year',
      e8:'eps estimate next year',e9:'eps estimate next quarter',b4:'book value',j4:'ebitda',
      p5:'price sales',p6:'price book',r:'pe ratio',r2:'pe ratio realtime',r5:'peg ratio',
      r6:'price eps estimate current year',r7:'price eps estimate next year',s7:'short ratio'
    }[f];
  }
}

Thursday, March 9, 2017

Pull Salesforce Data into AdWords Using Scripts

After my post about importing Zoho CRM data into AdWords, I received a lot of comments about doing something similar for Salesforce. I finally had some time to build a simple class that allows you to query data and objects from your Salesforce instance and use it in your scripts.

First, we will need to set you up with some OAuth credentials, and for that, you need to set up a new connected app in Salesforce. It is in slightly different places in each version, but using the developer version, I was able to find it under Setup > Build > Create > Apps. From there, all the way at the bottom, you can see a section for Connected Apps.
Creating a new connected app

If for some reason you can't find it in your Salesforce instance, your admin may not have given you access to it. Hopefully, they can help you.

After clicking the new button, you will need to fill out a few required fields and then select the option to "Enable Oauth Settings." You will need to enter a callback url but we won't be using it so you can enter any url that starts with https. For "Scopes", I just said "Full Access" but you may have to talk to your Salesforce Admin about that one. We will only be reading from Salesforce so it shouldn't be an issue.
Enabling the OAuth Settings

That's all you need to fill out and you should have a new app created. The important thing here is the "Consumer Key" and the "Consumer Secret" that you will need for the script to connect to your Salesforce instance.
Salesforce Consumer and Secret Keys

The last thing you will need from your Salesforce instance is a security token. You may already have one in which case, you can skip this. But if not, you can reset it under My Settings > Personal > Reset my Security Token. It will email you a new token.
Reset your Security Token

Ok, now we are finally ready to get to the AdWords Scripts code. The following code will set up a new SalesforceAPI object and query the most recent Opportunities that were Close Won so that you can use that revenue in your AdWords account.


It's that simple. If you want to get all the information about a particular object after you query for it, you can use the function getObjectByUrl() and send it the url from the query results. To learn more about the query syntax, check out the Salesforce SOQL documentation.

There are a few caveats for this code. Every Salesforce installation is unique so there really is no way for me to really troubleshoot issues with your specific install. This code was tested on a fresh Salesforce for Developers account so your results may vary. You will probably have more luck contacting your Salesforce Admin than leaving a comment here. Also, you may notice that the code it using the least secure option to log into Salesforce. This code with your username and password will be accessible to all users of your AdWords account, so be careful. It might be better to create a special Salesforce user with very limited permissions for something like this.

If you think this is useful, come let me know at SMX East this week.

Thanks,
Russ

Monday, May 5, 2014

Connect Zoho CRM Data with AdWords Using Scripts

For anyone working in B2B Pay Per Click, one of the biggest headaches is trying to report on the entire sales flow within a single report. The biggest issue is that marketing PPC data lives in AdWords (clicks, impressions, MQLs) and the sales data lives in your CRM (Leads, Contacts, Opportunities, Etc.). So I started looking at ways to connect the two sources of data. I don't use a CRM, so I signed up for a free trial of Zoho CRM and started fiddling with their API. It turns out, they have a REST(ish) API that returns JSON objects, which is perfect for AdWords scripts.

I built the Class below to pull data out of Zoho. It has the ability to pull Leads, Contacts, Potentials and just about any other Zoho object you can think of directly from your CRM. I stopped at just being able to get data out since updating or deleting records seemed less useful for AdWords scripts.

Here is a quick reference guide to the Class. Define a new object with var zoho = new ZohoApi(YOUR_API_TOKEN); If you need help setting up your account for API access or generating a token, check out the Zoho Developer Docs. I generated some simple getters for each Zoho object. ZohoApi.get[Objects]() will pull in all of the particular object. So you can say zoho.getLeads() or zoho.getPotentials(). You can also get only those objects belonging to you with zoho.getMyLeads().

If you have any additional url parameters you want to send over with the request, you can add them as a parameter to the function. For example, if you wanted to return the first 100 records (instead of the default 20), you would say zoho.getLeads({fromIndex:1,toIndex:100});

You can also search for records using zoho.search[Objects](). So to search for Potentials that have been won, you would say zoho.searchPotentials({'searchCondition':'(Stage|=|Closed Won)'}); You can read more about Zoho's searchCondition syntax in their API Docs. As part of that, you can put the columns you want to see or if you don't put anything in there, I pull the full set of columns to display for you using the get[Objects]Fields() method.

As for the response from the class, you will get an array of objects. Each key in the object has been lowercased with spaces replaced by underscores. For example, retVal[0].first_name or retVal[0].annual_revenue.

So give it a shot and let me know what you think in the comments. I put together a simple example script at the very bottom of this post to store Impressions, Clicks, Conversions, and Closed Won Potentials in a Google Doc on a daily basis to give you an idea of what you can do. Let me know what you would like to see next.

Thanks,
Russ



And here is a really simple example of how you could combine conversion data from multiple sources into a single Google Spreadsheet report.

Saturday, March 30, 2013

Automate Your Ads Based on Your Baseball Team's Schedule

I know everyone is focused on March Madness right now, but opening day for Baseball season is right around the corner. I wondered if it were possible to enable and disable specific ads based on the schedules of your local MLB team.

It turns out, the MLB has every team's full schedule in an easy to parse CSV format. All you need to do is search Google for " downloadable schedule" and look for the page that ends in "downloadable.jsp". It will look something like this:


The link you need is circled in the image above. You can see from the url what the team_id value should be in the code below. And if you right-click and download that .csv file, you will be able to see what value to use for the home_field as well. In the example below, I used my hometown teams of the Cubs and the White Sox, but you can use any teams you want.

The script itself will run through and look for a home game for your team. If the team is playing today and it is a home game, it will enable any ads that are tagged with the label you configured in the TEAM_INFO. If the team isn't playing a home game today, it will pause those same ads.

In the example below, I only used a portion of the data in the csv files. It would also be possible to enable ads only during the actual game, or enable ads for all game days, not just home games.

I encourage you to play around with the data and see what you can come up with. If you find anything useful, please leave a comment.

Thanks,
Russ


//-----------------------------------
// Enable/Disable Ads Based on the MLB Schedule
// Created By: Russ Savage
// FreeAdWordsScripts.com
//-----------------------------------
function main() {
  var TEAM_INFO = [
    { team_id : 112, home_field : 'Wrigley Field', label : 'cubs' }, // Cubs
    { team_id : 145, home_field : 'U.S. Cellular Field', label : 'whitesox' } // White Sox
  ];
  //hopefully you've already created and tagged some ads with these labels
  //but just in case...
  createLabelsIfNeeded(TEAM_INFO); 
  
  var SEASON = (new Date()).getFullYear();
  var is_home = false, is_game_day = false;
  for(var t in TEAM_INFO) {
    var team = TEAM_INFO[t];
    var url = "http://mlb.mlb.com/soa/ical/schedule.csv?team_id="+team.team_id+"&season="+SEASON;
    var html = UrlFetchApp.fetch(url).getContentText();
    var date_list = html.split("\r\n");
    for(var i in date_list) {
      if(i == 0) {continue;}
      var [start_date,start_time,start_time_et,
           subject,location,description,
           end_date,end_date_et,end_time,end_time_et] = date_list[i].split(",");
      
      var today = new Date();
      var game_day = new Date();
      game_day.setFullYear(SEASON,parseInt(start_date.split("/")[0])-1,parseInt(start_date.split("/")[1]));
      
      is_home = (location == team.home_field);
      is_game_day = (diffDays(game_day,today) == 0);
      
      if(is_home && is_game_day) {
        enableBaseballAds(team.label);
        break;
      }
    }
    if(!(is_home && is_game_day)) {
      disableBaseballAds(team.label); 
    }
  }
  
}

function enableBaseballAds(label) {
  Logger.log("Enabling all ads with the "+label+" label.");
  var ads = AdWordsApp.ads().withCondition("LabelNames CONTAINS_ALL ['"+label+"']").get();
  while(ads.hasNext()) {
    ads.next().enable(); 
  }
}

function disableBaseballAds(label) {
  Logger.log("Disabling all ads with the "+label+" label.");
  var ads = AdWordsApp.ads().withCondition("LabelNames CONTAINS_ALL ['"+label+"']").get();
  while(ads.hasNext()) {
    ads.next().pause(); 
  }
}

function createLabelsIfNeeded(team_info) {
  var label_iter = AdWordsApp.labels().get();
  var label_list = [];
  while(label_iter.hasNext()) {
    label_list.push(label_iter.next().getName());
  }
  for(var i in team_info) {
    if(label_list.indexOf(team_info[i].label) == -1) {
      AdWordsApp.createLabel(team_info[i].label);
      label_list.push(team_info[i].label);
    }
  }
}

//A helper function to compare dates.
//Copied from: http://goo.gl/uW48a
function diffDays(firstDate,secondDate) {
  var oneDay = 24*60*60*1000; // hours*minutes*seconds*milliseconds
  return Math.round(Math.abs((firstDate.getTime() - secondDate.getTime())/(oneDay))); 
}

Sunday, March 10, 2013

Manage Ads Based on Airport Delays

There are tons of APIs out on the internet today. Any of these can be incorporated into your AdWords scripts to automate some of your account management.

The script below uses the Airport Status Service from FAA.gov to enable and pause ads when there is a delay at a major airport. This would be useful for any business that is near an airport that may benefit from delays such as restaurants, bars, or hotels. Your ads could say things like:



You can add or remove airport codes from the list at the top. All you need to do is tag your ads with the label [airport_code]_delay ("ORD_delay","ATL_delay").

What other dynamic data could you use to optimize your ads? Movie times? Sports games? Let me know in the comments below and I'll see what I can come up with.

Thanks,
Russ

/*********************************************
* Pause/Enable Ads Based On Airport Delays
* Version 1.1
* ChangeLog v1.1 
*  - Added ability to completely pause non-delay ads
* Created By: Russ Savage
* FreeAdWordsScripts.com
*********************************************/
// For this to work, you need to add a label to all
// the ads for each airport.  For example, PIT_normal
// or SFO_normal
var PAUSE_NORMAL_ADS_DURING_DELAY = false;
var DELAY_SUFFIX = '_delay'; //the suffix on the label for delayed ads
var NORMAL_SUFFIX = '_normal'; //the suffix on the label for normal ads

var AIR_CODES = ["ATL","ANC","AUS","BWI","BOS","CLT","MDW","ORD","CVG","CLE",
                 "CMH","DFW","DEN","DTW","FLL","RSW","BDL","HNL","IAH","HOU",
                 "IND","MCI","LAS","LAX","MEM","MIA","MSP","BNA","MSY","JFK",
                 "LGA","EWR","OAK","ONT","MCO","PHL","PHX","PIT","PDX","RDU",
                 "SMF","SLC","SAT","SAN","SFO","SJC","SNA","SEA","STL","TPA",
                 "IAD","DCA"];

function main() {
  var faaUrl = "http://services.faa.gov/airport/status/";
  var args = "?format=application/json";
  for(var i in AIR_CODES) {
    try{
      var resp = UrlFetchApp.fetch(faaUrl + AIR_CODES[i] + args);
      if( resp.getResponseCode() == 200 ) {
        var json = Utilities.jsonParse(resp.getContentText());
        if(json.delay == "false") {
          Logger.log("No delays at "+json.IATA+". Pausing delay ads if any are running.");
          turnOffDelayAds(json.IATA);
          if(PAUSE_NORMAL_ADS_DURING_DELAY) {
            turnOnNonDelayAds(json.IATA);
          }
        } else {
          Logger.log("Delays in "+json.IATA+" Reason: "+json.status.reason);
          Logger.log("Turning on delay ads if there are any.");
          turnOnDelayAds(json.IATA);
          if(PAUSE_NORMAL_ADS_DURING_DELAY) {
            turnOffNonDelayAds(json.IATA);
          }
        }
      }
    }
    catch(e) {
      Logger.log("Error: " + e.message);
    }
  }
}

function turnOffDelayAds(airportCode) {
  var labelName = airportCode + DELAY_SUFFIX;
  var adIter = AdWordsApp.ads()
    .withCondition("LabelNames CONTAINS_ANY ['"+labelName+"']")
    .withCondition("CampaignStatus = ENABLED")
    .withCondition("AdGroupStatus = ENABLED")
    .withCondition("Status = ENABLED")
    .get();
  while(adIter.hasNext()) {
    adIter.next().pause();
  }
}

function turnOffNonDelayAds(airportCode) {
  var labelName = airportCode + NORMAL_SUFFIX;
  var adIter = AdWordsApp.ads()
    .withCondition("LabelNames CONTAINS_ANY ['"+labelName+"']")
    .withCondition("CampaignStatus = ENABLED")
    .withCondition("AdGroupStatus = ENABLED")
    .withCondition("Status = ENABLED")
    .get();
  while(adIter.hasNext()) {
    adIter.next().pause();
  }
}

function turnOnDelayAds(airportCode) {
  var labelName = airportCode + DELAY_SUFFIX;
  var adIter = AdWordsApp.ads()
    .withCondition("LabelNames CONTAINS_ANY ['"+labelName+"']")
    .withCondition("CampaignStatus = ENABLED")
    .withCondition("AdGroupStatus = ENABLED")
    .withCondition("Status = PAUSED")
    .get();
  while(adIter.hasNext()) {
    adIter.next().enable();
  }
}

function turnOnNonDelayAds(airportCode) {
  var labelName = airportCode + NORMAL_SUFFIX;
  var adIter = AdWordsApp.ads()
    .withCondition("LabelNames CONTAINS_ANY ['"+labelName+"']")
    .withCondition("CampaignStatus = ENABLED")
    .withCondition("AdGroupStatus = ENABLED")
    .withCondition("Status = PAUSED")
    .get();
  while(adIter.hasNext()) {
    adIter.next().enable();
  }
}

Tuesday, February 26, 2013

Authenticating to OAuth Services Using AdWords Scripts

Many APIs today use OAuth in order for users to authenticate and call their service.  One very popular example is the Twitter REST API.  Digging through the AdWords Scripting reference, you'll notice that one of the cool things you can do with AdWords Scripts is to pull data from a URL using the UrlFetchApp.

So the question I asked was "Could I write a script to authenticate using OAuth and retrieve data from the Twitter REST API?"

Obviously, the first place I looked was in the OAuthConfig class of the UrlFetchApp.  I set up the configuration and tried to make a call but I kept getting an authentication error.  A little research showed that I wasn't the only one having this problem.  The issue stems from the fact that normally, users need to authenticate through some sort of dialog box before they can access data. See this example about connecting to Picasa Web Albums for more details.

But then I found a post about someone managing to get around this by re-implementing the OAuth authentication system in their script and using a standard UrlFetchApp.fetch() request.

I was up for a challenge so I recreated it myself.  It turned out to be quite a bit of code, but in the end, the only thing you really need to worry about is getting the correct keys from Twitter and calling _build_authorization_string().

Thanks,
Russ

//-----------------------------------
// Authenticate and Connect to OAuth Service
// Created By: Russ Savage
// FreeAdWordsScripts.com
//-----------------------------------
function main() {
  //Define the Twitter Keys and Secrets
  //More info on obtaining these can be found at https://dev.twitter.com/docs/auth/tokens-devtwittercom
  var oauth_key_stuff = {
    "consumer_key" : "your consumer key",
    "consumer_secret" : "your consumer secret",
    "access_token" : "your access token",
    "access_token_secret" : "your access token secret"
  };

  // Update this with the REST url you want to call.  I only tested it with GET
  // but i don't think there is anything stopping a POST request from working.
  var url_stuff = {  
    "http_method" : 'GET',
    "base_url" : "https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/user_timeline.json"
  };

  //Add the parameters for the REST url you want to call.
  var url_param_stuff = {
    "screen_name" : "russellsavage" //hey that's me!
  };
  
  // Don't touch this stuff
  var other_oauth_data = {
    "oauth_nonce" : Utilities.base64Encode(Math.random() +
          "secret_sauce" +
          (new Date()).getTime()).replace(/(?!\w)/g, ''),
    "oauth_signature_method" : "HMAC-SHA1",
    "oauth_timestamp" : Math.round((new Date()).getTime() / 1000.0),
    "oauth_version" : "1.0"
  };
  
  // Here is where the magic happens
  var auth_string = _build_authorization_string(oauth_key_stuff,url_stuff,url_param_stuff,other_oauth_data);

  var options = {
    "headers" : { "Authorization" :  auth_string }
  };
    
  var url = _build_url(url_stuff,url_param_stuff);
  var response = UrlFetchApp.fetch(url, options);
  var tweets = JSON.parse(response.getContentText());
  
  //now let's log my amazing tweets!
  for(var tweet in tweets) {
    var t = tweets[tweet];
    Logger.log(t.text);
  }
 
  // HELPER FUNCTIONS BELOW
  
  function _build_url(base_url,param_stuff){
    var url = base_url.base_url;
    if(param_stuff != {}) {
      url += '?';
    }
    for(var key in param_stuff) {
      url += key + "=";
      url += encodeURIComponent(param_stuff[key]);
      url += '&';
    }
    return url.slice(0,-1);
  }
  
  function _build_param_string(auth_keys,url_data,oauth_data) {
    var data_for_param_string = {
      "oauth_consumer_key" : auth_keys.consumer_key,
      "oauth_nonce" : oauth_data.oauth_nonce,
      "oauth_signature_method" : oauth_data.oauth_signature_method,
      "oauth_timestamp" : oauth_data.oauth_timestamp,
      "oauth_token" : auth_keys.access_token,
      "oauth_version" : oauth_data.oauth_version
    };
    
    // add additional url values
    for(var my_key in url_data) { 
      data_for_param_string[my_key] = url_data[my_key]; 
    }
    
    // find and sort the keys for later
    var keys = [];
    for(var key in data_for_param_string) {
      keys.push(key);
    }
    keys.sort();
    
    //finally build and return the param string
    var param_string = "";
    for(var i in keys) {
      param_string += keys[i] + "=" + encodeURIComponent(data_for_param_string[keys[i]]);
      if(i < keys.length - 1) {
        param_string += "&";
      }
    }
    
    return param_string;
  }
  
  function _build_sig_base_string(my_url_stuff,my_param_string) {
    return my_url_stuff.http_method +
      "&" + encodeURIComponent(my_url_stuff.base_url) +
      "&" + encodeURIComponent(my_param_string);
  }
  
  function _build_sigining_key(my_key_stuff) {
    return encodeURIComponent(my_key_stuff.consumer_secret) + 
      "&" + encodeURIComponent(my_key_stuff.access_token_secret);
  }
  
  function _build_oauth_signature(base_string,sign) {
    return Utilities.base64Encode(
      Utilities.computeHmacSignature(
        Utilities.MacAlgorithm.HMAC_SHA_1, 
        base_string, 
        sign
      )
    );
  }
  
  function _build_authorization_string(my_key_stuff,my_url_stuff,my_url_param_stuff,my_oauth_stuff) {
    var param_string = _build_param_string(my_key_stuff,my_url_param_stuff,my_oauth_stuff);
    var sig_base_string = _build_sig_base_string(my_url_stuff,param_string);
    var signing_key = _build_sigining_key(my_key_stuff);
    var oauth_signature = _build_oauth_signature(sig_base_string,signing_key);
    return "OAuth " +
           encodeURIComponent("oauth_consumer_key") + '="' + 
             encodeURIComponent(my_key_stuff.consumer_key) + '", ' +
           encodeURIComponent("oauth_nonce") + '="' + 
             encodeURIComponent(my_oauth_stuff.oauth_nonce) + '", ' +
           encodeURIComponent("oauth_signature") + '="' + 
             encodeURIComponent(oauth_signature) + '", ' +
           encodeURIComponent("oauth_signature_method") + '="' + 
             encodeURIComponent(my_oauth_stuff.oauth_signature_method) + '", ' +
           encodeURIComponent("oauth_timestamp") + '="' + 
             encodeURIComponent(my_oauth_stuff.oauth_timestamp) + '", ' +
           encodeURIComponent("oauth_token") + '="' + 
             encodeURIComponent(my_key_stuff.access_token) + '", ' +
           encodeURIComponent("oauth_version") + '="' + 
             encodeURIComponent(my_oauth_stuff.oauth_version) + '"';
    
  }
  
}